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OBJECTIVE To explore the improvement effect and potential mechanism of Baicao fuyanqing suppository on bacterial vaginitis （BV） in rats. METHODS The female SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， metronidazole group （positive control， 0.03 g/kg）， Baicao fuyanqing suppository low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （0.18， 0.36， 0.72 g/kg）， with 8 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， the rats in other groups were injected subcutaneously with 0.2 g of Estradiol benzoate injection+20 μL of Escherichia coli suspension （2×108～3×108 cfu/mL） through the vaginal opening to establish the BV rat model. Administration groups were given relevant medicine vaginally， while the normal group and the model group were given normal saline， once a day， for 6 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration， the vaginal appearance score and vaginal pH were measured for each group of rats. The levels of cytokines [interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-2， IL-13， immunoglobulin A （IgA）] in vaginal lavage fluid were determined. The morphology of the uterus and accessories， and pathological changes in the vaginal tissue were observed. The expressions of Toll-like receptor 2 （TLR2）， TLR4 and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） in vaginal tissues were determined. RESULTS Compared with the normal group， the uterus edema， the irregular shape of uterus and accessories， the vaginal mucosa hyperplasia， and the massive desquamation of epithelial cells were observed in the model group， complicating with massive infiltration of inflammatory cells； vaginal opening redness and swelling score and secretion score， vaginal pH， the levels of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and IL-2， the protein expressions of TLR2， TLR4 and NF- κB were all increased or up-regulated， while the levels of IgA and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13 decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， varying cn degrees of improvement in uterine and accessories， and vaginal tissue lesions in rats were observed in administration groups， and most of the quantitative indicators mentioned above showed significant improvement （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Baicao fuyanqing suppository has a certain improvement effect on inflammatory symptoms in BV rats， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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OBJECTIVE：To establish sustainable development ability evaluation index system for ethnomedicine enterprises in Guizhou province ，and to promote the sustainable development of the ethnomedicine industry. METHODS ：The draft of evaluation index system had been made by documents collection and a meeting of focus group discussion ，the final indexes and weight had been determined by Delphi method for conducting 2 rounds expert questionnaire survey ；the index system was used to measure and compare the results with the evaluation results of the drug regulatory department and the authoritative experts of the industry. RESULTS：The draft of evaluation index system included 6 indexes in the first level indicators and 49 indexes in the second. The expert’s positive coefficients was 100％ after 2 rounds of consultation ；the authoritative coefficients on the opinions of experts for the levels of indicators were 0.86，the coordination coefficient of experts was 0.22 in the first round and 0.48 in the second. After 2 rounds of expert consultation ，the final established evaluation index system contained 6 indexes in the first level indicators and 33 indexes in the second. Fifteen ethnomedicine enterprises in Guizhou province were selected for on-site testing. The evaluation results were not much different from those of the drug regulatory department and the authoritative experts of the industry. CONCLUSIONS：Established sustainable development ability evaluation index system for ethnomedicine enterprises is scientific ， reasonable and feasible ，and can provide standardized reference for regular monitoring and evaluation.
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OBJECTIVE：To isolate and purify baicalin metabolites from rat bile ，and to study its effect on the proliferation of liver cancer HepG 2 cells. METHODS ：Totally of 6 SD rats were collected ，anesthetized and then intubated with bile ducts. They were given baicalin （168 mg/kg）intragastrically after the rats were awake as well as the bile sample 1 was collected during 24 h after intragastric administration. After processed ，bile sample 1 was preliminarily analyzed by HPLC. Another 5 SD rats were anesthetized and intubated in the same way as above ，and then given baicalin intragastrically （400 mg/kg）. The bile sample 2 was collected during 48 h after intragastric administration. After processed ，the bile sample 2 was isolated and purified by semi-preparative HPLC. The isolated metabolites were identified by using UV ，IR，MS and NMR ，as well as based on physical and chemical properties. MTT method combined with high content cell imaging analysis system was used to study the effect of the metabolites on the proliferation of HepG 2 cells. RESULTS ：Baicalin was mainly metabolized into metabolite 1 and metabolite 2 through bile. After isolation and purification ， they were identified as oroxylin A- 7-O-β-D-glucuronide and 2726719792@qq.com baicalein 6-O-β-D-glucuronide. The results of MTT assay showed that the metabolite 2 had a significant inhibitory effect 分析。E-mail：gaoxl@gmc.edu.cn on the proliferation of HepG 2 cells，and its IC 50 was 90 µg/mL；the results of high content cell imaging analysis showed that at a certain concentration metabolite 2 may inhibit proliferation by changing the mitochondrial distribution and membrane permeability of HepG 2 cells（studies on the pharmacological activities of metabolism 1 had been reported ，it was skipped in this study ）. CONCLUSIONS ：In this study ，two baicalin bile metabolites were successfully isolated and identified ，of which baicalein 6-O-β-D-glucuronide has a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG 2 cells.
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OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for pharmaceutical enterprises to enhance the R&D capability and improve the R&D investment strategy. METHODS： The annual report data of 13 listed pharmaceutical enterprises in southwest China were collcted. Taking fixed assets， operating costs， the number of employees in service and the amount of R&D investment as input indicators， net profit， operating income and earnings per share as output indicators， the efficiency values were calculated by using MyDEA 1.0 software based on super-efficiency DEA model. The operating efficiency of enterprises with or without R&D input were compared； the contribution rate of R&D investment to enterprises were calculated. Finally， Wilcoxon symbolic rank test was carried out by using SPSS 20.0 software to compare the difference. RESULTS： From 2013 to 2015， 10 of the 13 listed pharmaceutical enterprises had increased their R&D investment， which indicated that listed pharmaceutical enterprises in southwest China paid more attention to R&D investment. For three consecutive years， the efficiency value of R&D investment of the 13 listed pharmaceutical enterprises was significantly higher than that of the enterprises without R&D investment， and the number of the former reaching DEA efficiency was more， indicating that R&D investment was positively correlated with the operational efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises. The Wilcoxon symbol rank test also confirmed that R&D investment was an effect input. After three enterprises joined the R&D input index， their operational efficiency was improved， and their R&D contribution was greater. Five enterprises had zero R&D contribution， their efficiency value remained unchanged whether or not they joined R&D input. The R&D contribution of other listed pharmaceutical enterprises varied greatly in each year. CONCLUSIONS： At the overall level of the industry， enterprises should increase their R&D investment and pay attention to improving R&D efficiency， establish a sound R&D innovation system and R&D personnel training mechanism， establish an integrated training mode of production， learning and research； the government should create an environment to support R&D activities of pharmaceutical enterprises. For individual enterprises， different strategies should be adopted based on practical situation in order to improve the pulling effect of R&D input on the operational efficiency of enterprises.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the sustainable development of pharmaceutical industry in Guizhou province.METHODS:By literature review,personal interview and questionnaire survey,the current situation about the development of pharmaceutical industry in Guizhou province were investigated and analyzed,and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.RESULTS:The literatures were obtained from network literature by Baidu search engine,published data by government portal website of administrative department,documents by CNKI and VIE Five personal interviews involved the relevant management personnel in Policies and Regulations Department,Medicine and Cosmetics Production Supervision Department,Medical Device Supervision Department of Guizhou Province Food and Drug Administration.A total of 70 questionnaires (drug production enterprises as object) were sent out,and 57 valid questionnaires were collected with the effective recovery rate of 81.4％.In the present,there were a total of 175 pharmaceutical production enterprises (56.5％ in Guiyang city) and 106 medical device manufacturers in Guizhou province.Of 57 pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises investigated,87.8％ of them were certified by the 2010 edition of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP).The number of varieties of Chinese herbal medicines in Guizhou province ranked second in the whole country;total area of Chinese herbal medicine planting,wild protection and tending ranked third in the whole country in 2015;the industrial output value of Chinese patent medicine accounted for 85.1％ of the total output value of the pharmaceutical industry;but no approved new medicines were class 1 and 2 new medicines;R&D personnel with high education levels took small proportion significantly.The output capacity of chemical medicine industry was far lower than the average national level;the chemical industry output value accounted for only about 10％ of the total output value of the pharmaceutical industry in the province;the rate of success approval was almost zero for new drugs declared by drug manufacturers in recent years.Biological products industry was an emerging industry,currently there were only 3 biological products production enterprises.Of 341 products in medical device industry,there were 146 class Ⅰ products,190 class Ⅱ products and 5 classⅢproducts,manifesting as narrow coverage,few production type,relatively backward level.Seven percent of pharmaceutical production enterprise involved in the derivatives industry,and the development of TCM health care industry attracted more and more attention.CONCLUSIONS:The Chinese and national medicine industry has been the dominant force,the development of chemical medicine,biological products and medical device indusmy has lagged behind,and medicine derivatives industry needs to promote the integration of TCM and health-and-fitness.Thewhole industry strategic consciousness is comparatively backward,high-end R&D personnel is lack,and independent innovation ability is weak.It is suggested to done the top design,guide enterprises mergers and restructuring;develop characteristic medicine,support small molecule chemical medicines and biological products enterprises deeply;deepen the understanding of industrial policy,and increase investment in independent innovation;develop new medicine derivatives,and expand the pharmaceutical e-commerce sales channel;broaden the industry chain depth,breadth and width,and excavate medical big data.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the sustainable development of pharmaceutical enterprises in Guizhou prov-ince. METHODS:A questionnaire was conducted for 55 pharmaceutical enterprises in Guizhou province,the basic situation of en-terprises,familiarity of related directors to Good Manufacture Practice of Drugs(GMP)and relevant policy,the current situation of implementing the new version GMP were investigated and statistically analyzed,problems were found,and corresponding coun-termeasures were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Totally 55 questionnaires were sent out,49 valid ones were received with effectively recovery of 85.1%. The results showed 43 enterprises(87.8%)had passed the GMP authentication;only 13 enter-prises(26.5%)directors were very familiar with the new version GMP. In terms of personnel management,the head of production management and quality management and the authorized person of quality and personnel had not yet met related requirements of the new version GMP fully;in terms of equipment and production management,production area transformation(clean areas,lounges, warehouses,water use) and air purification system design in most enterprises met related requirements of the new version GMP, 23 enterprises (46.9%) still can not conduct fully inspection to products and materials;in terms of document management,there were still some enterprises not meeting the new version GMP standards fully,enterprises'documents(health area layout,air purifi-cation layout,management procedures,operating procedures,etc.) of production site were imperfect. According to the investiga-tion,the main existing problems included lack of funds in implementing the new version GMP reform,not enough understanding or familiarity with the new version GMP,relevant personnel management not reaching the designated position,equipment and pro-duction management needing to be strengthened,document management systemic being poor,risk management being not sound, etc. It is suggested that government should give all forms of capital policy and strengthen the training of the new version GMP;en-terprises should attach great importance to the relevant personnel management,strengthen the equipment and production manage-ment,set up perfect document management system and a sound system of risk management.